Road Traffic Injuries and the Built Environment in Bogotá, Colombia, 2015-2019: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Nine in 10 road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this disproportionate burden, few studies have examined built environment correlates of road traffic injury in these settings, including in Latin America. We examined road traffic collisions in Bogotá, Colombia, occurring between 2015 and 2019, and assessed the association between neighborhood-level built environment features and pedestrian injury and death. We used descriptive statistics to characterize all police-reported road traffic collisions that occurred in Bogotá between 2015 and 2019. Cluster detection was used to identify spatial clustering of pedestrian collisions. Adjusted multivariate Poisson regression models were fit to examine associations between several neighborhood-built environment features and rate of pedestrian road traffic injury and death. A total of 173,443 police-reported traffic collisions occurred in Bogotá between 2015 and 2019. Pedestrians made up about 25% of road traffic injuries and 50% of road traffic deaths in Bogotá between 2015 and 2019. Pedestrian collisions were spatially clustered in the southwestern region of Bogotá. Neighborhoods with more street trees (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98), traffic signals (0.89, 0.81-0.99), and bus stops (0.89, 0.82-0.97) were associated with lower pedestrian road traffic deaths. Neighborhoods with greater density of large roads were associated with higher pedestrian injury. Our findings highlight the potential for pedestrian-friendly infrastructure to promote safer interactions between pedestrians and motorists in Bogotá and in similar urban contexts globally.

CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Uveal Melanoma: First Case Series in Central America.

Introduction: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, affecting primarily the choroid of the eye. Plaque brachytherapy is the most common procedure for the treatment of small choroidal melanoma, especially in posteriorly located tumors. However, modern radiotherapy techniques, such as CyberKnife or Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and proton beam radiotherapy, have shown better results in tumor control and eye retention. Recent studies have indicated that SRS is a promising non-invasive, single-session treatment option, with most studies reporting the best outcomes when using ≥21-22 Gy. However, there is no consistent protocol for managing this pathology using CyberKnife, not only in terms of dose but also fractions. Case Presentations: Here, we report the first case series of patients (n = 4, age range 38-64 years, median age 52.5 years) with choroidal UM in Central America who were treated with CyberKnife SRS (22 Gy in one session). During the follow-up (range 25-29 months, median 27.5 months), a 100% control rate with no systemic metastatic disease has been achieved. We found a statistically significant reduction in the largest basal diameter at 24 months for all tumors. However, visual acuity has progressively decreased in most patients. Notably, two of our patients developed radiation maculopathy, and the other two developed radiation retinopathy after SRS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that future studies should evaluate the use of different prophylactic therapies to prevent the development of side effects. The clinical management of toxicities presented in our report can serve as a reference in the clinical practice of other centers. Our report supports the growing body of evidence showing that CyberKnife radiosurgery is a safe and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of UM.

The Controlled Release of Abscisic Acid (ABA) Utilizing Alginate-Chitosan Gel Blends: A Synergistic Approach for an Enhanced Small-Molecule Delivery Controller.

The integration of abscisic acid (ABA) into a chitosan-alginate gel blend unveils crucial insights into the formation and stability of these two substances. ABA, a key phytohormone in plant growth and stress responses, is strategically targeted for controlled release within these complexes. This study investigates the design and characterization of this novel controlled-release system, showcasing the potential of alginate-chitosan gel blends in ABA delivery. Computational methods, including molecular dynamics simulations, are employed to analyze the structural effects of microencapsulation, offering valuable insights into complex behavior under varying conditions. This paper focuses on the controlled release of ABA from these complexes, highlighting its strategic importance in drug delivery systems and beyond. This controlled release enables targeted and regulated ABA delivery, with far-reaching implications for pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and plant stress response studies. While acknowledging context dependency, the paper suggests that the liberation or controlled release of ABA holds promise in applications, urging further research and experimentation to validate its utility across diverse fields. Overall, this work significantly contributes to understanding the characteristics and potential applications of chitosan-alginate complexes, marking a noteworthy advancement in the field of controlled-release systems.

Linking genotype to trophoblast phenotype in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome associated with STOX1 genetic variants.

Preeclampsia is a major hypertensive pregnancy disorder with a 50% heritability. The first identified gene involved in the disease is STOX1, a transcription factor, whose variant Y153H predisposes to the disease. Two rare mutations were also identified in Colombian women affected by the hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet syndrome, a complication of preeclampsia (T188N and R364X). Here, we explore the effects of these variants in trophoblast cell models (BeWo) where STOX1 was previously invalidated. We firstly showed that STOX1 knockout alters response to oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and fusion capacity. Then, we showed that mutant versions of STOX1 trigger alterations in gene profiles, growth, fusion, and oxidative stress management. The results also reveal alterations of the STOX interaction with DNA when the mutations affected the DNA-binding domain of STOX1 (Y153H and T188N). We also reveal here that a major contributor of these effects appears to be the E2F3 transcription factor.

Epidemiology of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in venison from Aguascalientes, Mexico.

The objective of the study was to estimate the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in venison from Aguascalientes, Mexico, their possible association with some risk factors, and to identify the presence of parasite DNA in blood and tissues. For this study, 5 farms and four species of venison were included, where 43 blood serum samples were obtained and in 37 of these animals a peripheral blood sample was also obtained; from hunted deer, 6 liver and 2 heart samples were obtained. The samples were analyzed by ELISA and PCR tests, respectively. The association between the serological status and the possible risk factors was estimated. The overall seroprevalence in N. caninum was 47% (20/43; CI 95% 31-62), with positive animals in all farms in a range of 18 to 100%, while for T. gondii it was 49% (21/43; CI 95% 33-64), with positive animals in 80% of farms in a range of 18 to 100%. The prevalence of N. caninum DNA detection in blood was 59% (22/37; CI 95% 42-74), with positive animals in all farms, in a range of 45 to 100%, while in T. gondii it was 76% (28/37; CI 95% 58-87), with positive animals in all farms, in a range of 56 to 100%. Age (> 4 years) was identified as associated with seroprevalence in N. caninum (OR 5.2) and in T. gondii (OR 12.7). DNA from both parasites was detected in the liver and heart samples. The results shown that venison populations included in the study are living in an environment highly contaminated with oocysts excreted by the definitive host.

Slow-release microencapsulates containing nanoliposomes for bioremediation of soil hydrocarbons contaminated.

Encapsulation and nutrient addition in bacterial formulations have disadvantages concerning cell viability during release, storage, and under field conditions. Then, the objective of this work was to encapsulate a bacterial consortium with hydrocarbon-degrading capacities in different matrices composed of cross-linked alginate/ polyvinyl alcohol /halloysite beads (M1, M2, and M3) containing nanoliposomes loaded with or without nutrients and evaluate their viability and release in a liquid medium, and soil (microcosmos). Also, evaluate their capacity to remove total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) for 165 days and matrices characterization. The encapsulate consortium showed a quick adaptation to contaminated soil and a percentage of removal (PR) of TPH up to 30% after seven days. All the matrices displayed a PR of up to 90% after 165 days. The matrix M2 displayed significant resistance to degradation and higher cell viability with a PR of 94%. This result supports the encapsulation of bacteria in a sustainable matrix supplemented with nutrients as a well-looked strategy for improving viability and survival and, therefore, enhancing their effectiveness in the remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.

Optimized method for differential gene expression analysis in non-model species: Case of Cedrela odorata L.

The following protocol introduces a targeted methodological approach of differential gene expression analysis, which is particularly beneficial in the context of non-model species. While we acknowledge that biological complexity often involves the interplay of multiple genes in any given biological response our method provides a strategy to streamline this complexity, enabling researchers to focus on a more manageable subset of genes of interest. In this context, red cedar transcriptome (Cedrela odorata L.) and known or hypothetical genes related to the response to herbivory were used as reference. The protocol key points are:•Implementation of a transcriptome thinning process to eliminate redundant and non-coding sequences, optimizing the analysis and reducing processing time.•Use of a custom gene database to identify and retain coding sequences with high precision.•Focus on specific genes of interest, allowing a more targeted analysis for specific experimental conditions. This approach holds particular value for pilot studies, research with limited resources, or when rapid identification and validation of candidate genes are needed in species without a reference genome.

Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ovarian support cell co-culture improves oocyte maturation in vitro after abbreviated gonadotropin stimulation.

STUDY QUESTION: Can in vitro maturation (IVM) and developmental competence of human oocytes be improved by co-culture with ovarian support cells (OSCs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER: OSC-IVM significantly improves the rates of metaphase II (MII) formation and euploid Day 5 or 6 blastocyst formation, when compared to a commercially available IVM system. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: IVM has historically shown highly variable performance in maturing oocytes and generating oocytes with strong developmental capacity, while limited studies have shown a positive benefit of primary granulosa cell co-culture for IVM. We recently reported the development of OSCs generated from hiPSCs that recapitulate dynamic ovarian function in vitro. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The study was designed as a basic science study, using randomized sibling oocyte specimen allocation. Using pilot study data, a prospective sample size of 20 donors or at least 65 oocytes per condition were used for subsequent experiments. A total of 67 oocyte donors were recruited to undergo abbreviated gonadotropin stimulation with or without hCG triggers and retrieved cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were allocated between the OSC-IVM or control conditions (fetal-like OSC (FOSC)-IVM or media-only IVM) in three independent experimental design formats. The total study duration was 1 April 2022 to 1 July 2023. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Oocyte donors between the ages of 19 and 37 years were recruited for retrieval after informed consent, with assessment of anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count, age, BMI and ovarian pathology used for inclusion and exclusion criteria. In experiment 1, 27 oocyte donors were recruited, in experiment 2, 23 oocyte donors were recruited, and in experiment 3, 17 oocyte donors and 3 sperm donors were recruited. The OSC-IVM culture condition was composed of 100 000 OSCs in suspension culture with hCG, recombinant FSH, androstenedione, and doxycycline supplementation. IVM controls lacked OSCs and contained either the same supplementation, FSH and hCG only (a commercial IVM control), or FOSCs with the same supplementation (Media control). Experiment 1 compared OSC-IVM, FOSC-IVM, and a Media control, while experiments 2 and 3 compared OSC-IVM and a commercial IVM control. Primary endpoints in the first two experiments were the MII formation (i.e. maturation) rate and morphological quality assessment. In the third experiment, the fertilization and embryo formation rates were assessed with genetic testing for aneuploidy and epigenetic quality in blastocysts. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: We observed a statistically significant improvement (∼1.5×) in maturation outcomes for oocytes that underwent IVM with OSCs compared to control Media-IVM and FOSC-IVM in experiment 1. More specifically, the OSC-IVM group yielded a MII formation rate of 68% ± 6.83% SEM versus 46% ± 8.51% SEM in the Media control (P = 0.02592, unpaired t-test). FOSC-IVM yielded a 51% ± 9.23% SEM MII formation rate which did not significantly differ from the media control (P = 0.77 unpaired t-test). Additionally, OSC-IVM yielded a statistically significant ∼1.6× higher average MII formation rate at 68% ± 6.74% when compared to 43% ± 7.90% in the commercially available IVM control condition (P = 0.0349, paired t-test) in experiment 2. Oocyte morphological quality between OSC-IVM and the controls did not significantly differ. In experiment 3, OSC-IVM oocytes demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in Day 5 or 6 euploid blastocyst formation per COC compared to the commercial IVM control (25% ± 7.47% vs 11% ± 3.82%, P = 0.0349 logistic regression). Also in experiment 3, the OSC-treated oocytes generated blastocysts with similar global and germline differentially methylated region epigenetic profiles compared commercial IVM controls or blastocysts after either conventional ovarian stimulation. LARGE SCALE DATA: N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: While the findings of this study are compelling, the cohort size remains limited and was powered on preliminary pilot studies, and the basic research nature of the study limits generalizability compared to randomized control trials. Additionally, use of hCG-triggered cycles results in a heterogenous oocyte cohort, and potential differences in the underlying maturation state of oocytes pre-IVM may limit or bias findings. Further research is needed to clarify and characterize the precise mechanism of action of the OSC-IVM system. Further research is also needed to establish whether these embryos are capable of implantation and further development, a key indication of their clinical utility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Together, these findings demonstrate a novel approach to IVM with broad applicability to modern ART practice. The controls used in this study are in line with and have produced similar to findings to those in the literature, and the outcome of this study supports findings from previous co-culture studies that found benefits of primary granulosa cells on IVM outcomes. The OSC-IVM system shows promise as a highly flexible IVM approach that can complement a broad range of stimulation styles and patient populations. Particularly for patients who cannot or prefer not to undergo conventional gonadotropin stimulation, OSC-IVM may present a viable path for obtaining developmentally competent, mature oocytes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S): A.D.N., A.B.F., A.G., B.P., C.A., C.C.K., F.B., G.R., K.S.P., K.W., M.M., P.C., S.P., and M.-J.F.-G. are shareholders in the for-profit biotechnology company Gameto Inc. P.R.J.F. declares paid consultancy for Gameto Inc. P.C. also declares paid consultancy for the Scientific Advisory Board for Gameto Inc. D.H.M. has received consulting services from Granata Bio, Sanford Fertility and Reproductive Medicine, Gameto, and Buffalo IVF, and travel support from the Upper Egypt Assisted Reproduction Society. C.C.K., S.P., M.M., A.G., B.P., K.S.P., G.R., and A.D.N. are listed on a patent covering the use of OSCs for IVM: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/492,210. Additionally, C.C.K. and K.W. are listed on three patents covering the use of OSCs for IVM: U.S. Patent Application No. 17/846,725, U.S Patent Application No. 17/846,845, and International Patent Application No.: PCT/US2023/026012. C.C.K., M.P.S., and P.C. additionally are listed on three patents for the transcription factor-directed production of granulosa-like cells from stem cells: International Patent Application No.: PCT/US2023/065140, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/326,640, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/444,108. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Controlling Hypertension through Education and Coaching in Kidney Disease (CHECK-D): protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 30 million Americans. Early management focused on blood pressure (BP) control decreases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Less than 40% of patients with CKD achieve recommended BP targets due to many barriers. These barriers include a lack of understanding of the implications of their diagnosis and how to optimise their health.This cluster randomised control trial hypothesises that the combination of early primary care CKD education, and motivational interviewing (MI)-based health coach support, will improve patient behaviours aligned with BP control by increasing patient knowledge, self-efficacy and motivation. The results will aid in sustainable interventions for future patient-centric education and coaching support to improve quality and outcomes in patients with CKD stages 3-5. Outcomes in patients with CKD stages 3-5 receiving the intervention will be compared with similar patients within a control group. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) and systems methodologies will be used to optimise resource neutrality and leverage existing technology to support implementation and future dissemination. The innovative approach of this research focuses on the importance of a multidisciplinary team, including off-site patient coaching, that can intervene early in the CKD care continuum by supporting patients with education and coaching. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will test impact of BP control when clinician-delivered education is followed by 12 months of MI-based health coaching. We will compare outcomes in 350 patients with CKD stages 3-5 between intervention and control groups in primary care. CQI and systems methodologies will optimise education and coaching for future implementation and dissemination. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Boards (IRBMED) HUM00136011, HUM00150672 and SITE00000092 and the results of the study will be published on ClinicalTrials.gov, in peer-reviewed journals, as well as conference abstracts, posters and presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04087798.

Development and Evaluation of Cross-Linked Alginate-Chitosan-Abscisic Acid Blend Gel.

Abscisic acid (ABA) has been proposed to play a significant role in the ripening of nonclimacteric fruit, stomatal opening, and response to abiotic stresses in plants, which can adversely affect crop growth and productivity. The biological effects of ABA are dependent on its concentration and signal transduction pathways. However, due to its susceptibility to the environment, it is essential to find a suitable biotechnological approach to coat ABA for its application. One promising approach is to utilize alginate and chitosan, two natural polysaccharides known for their strong affinity for water and their ability to act as coating agents. In this study, an alginate-chitosan blend was employed to develop an ABA cover. To achieve this, an alginate-chitosan-abscisic acid (ALG-CS-ABA) blend was prepared by forming ionic bonds or complexes with calcium ions, or through dual cross-linking. This was done by dripping a homogeneous solution of alginate-chitosan and ABA into a calcium chloride solution, resulting in the formation of the blend. By combining the unique properties of alginate, chitosan, and ABA, the resulting ALG-CS-ABA blend can potentially offer enhanced stability, controlled release, and improved protection of ABA. These characteristics make it a promising biotechnological approach for various applications, including the targeted delivery of ABA in agricultural practices or in the development of innovative plant-based products. Further evaluation and characterization of the ALG-CS-ABA blend will provide valuable insights into its potential applications in the fields of biomedicine, agriculture, and tissue engineering.

Effects of an urban cable car intervention on physical activity: the TrUST natural experiment in Bogotá, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Cable cars are part of the transport system in several cities in Latin America, but no evaluations of their effects on physical activity are available. TransMiCable is the first cable car in Bogotá, Colombia, and the wider intervention includes renovated parks and playgrounds. We assessed the effects of TransMiCable and the wider intervention on physical activity. METHODS: The Urban Transformations and Health natural experiment was a prospective quasi-experimental study conducted from Feb 1, 2018, to Dec 18, 2018 (baseline, pre-intervention) and from July 2, 2019, to March 15, 2020 (post-intervention follow-up) in the TransMiCable intervention area (Ciudad Bolívar settlement) and a control area without TransMiCable (San Cristóbal settlement). A multistage strategy was used to sample households in each area, with one adult (aged ≥18 years) per household invited to participate. Eligible participants had lived in the intervention or control areas for at least 2 years and were not planning to move within the next 2 years. Physical activity was assessed among participants in the intervention and control areas before and after the inauguration of TransMiCable in Ciudad Bolívar with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long form) and with wearable accelerometers. Complete cases (those with baseline and follow-up data) were included in analyses. Respondents were classed as being physically active if they met 2020 WHO guidelines (≥150 min per week of moderate activity, ≥75 min per week of vigorous activity, or equivalent combinations); and accelerometery data were classified with the Freedson cut-points for adults. Data were also gathered in zonal parks (area ≥10 000 m2) and neighbourhood parks (area <10 000 m2) in the intervention and control areas by direct observation with the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities, to assess levels of physical activity before and after the TransMiCable intervention. Multilevel regression models were used to assess changes in physical activity associated with the TransMiCable intervention. FINDINGS: Physical activity questionnaires were completed by 2052 adult participants (1289 [62·8%] women and 763 [37·2%] men; mean age 43·5 years [SD 17·7]) before the inauguration of TransMiCable. After the inauguration, the follow-up (final) questionnaire sample comprised 825 adults in the intervention group and 854 in the control group, including 357 adults in the intervention group and 334 in the control group with valid accelerometery data. 334 (40·5%) of 825 participants in the intervention group reported levels of physical activity that met the 2020 WHO guidelines during walking for transport before the intervention, and 426 (51·6%) afterwards (change 11·1 percentage points [95% CI 6·4 to 15·9]). A similar change was observed in the control group (change 8·0 percentage points [3·4 to 12·5]; adjusted odds ratio [OR] for the time-by-group interaction, intervention vs control group: 1·1 [95% CI 0·8 to 1·5], p=0·38). Time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, measured with accelerometers, did not change in the intervention group after the inauguration of TransMiCable (change -0·8 min per day [-4·6 to 3·0]) and did not change compared with the control group (adjusted ß for the time-by-group interaction: 1·4 min per day [95% CI -2·0 to 4·9], p=0·41). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 52·1 min per day (SD 24·7) before and 59·4 min per day (35·2) after the inauguration of TransMiCable in new regular users who reported using TransMiCable during mandatory trips for work or education (n=32; change 7·3 min per day [-22·5 to 7·9]). After the intervention, an increase in the proportion of male individuals engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity was observed in a renovated zonal park (adjusted OR for the time-by-group interaction, intervention vs control park: 2·7 [1·1 to 6·8], p=0·033). Female users of a renovated neighbourhood park were less likely to become engaged in moderate or vigorous physical activity than female users of the control area neighbourhood park (adjusted OR for the time-by-group interaction: 0·4 [0·1 to 0·6], p=0·019). INTERPRETATION: It is encouraging that walking for transport remained high in the TransMiCable intervention area when the use of private motorised transport had increased elsewhere in Bogotá. In low-income urban areas, where transport-related walking is a necessity, transport interventions should be focused on efforts to maintain participation in active travel while improving conditions under which it occurs. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust (as part of the Urban Health in Latin America project); Bogotá Urban Planning Department; Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation of Colombia; Universidad de Los Andes; Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá; and Universidad del Norte. TRANSLATION: For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Real-World Safety and Efficacy Clinical Data of an Improved Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Product for the Treatment of Bee Venom Allergy.

The aim of this study is to explore the safety and efficacy of bee venom immunotherapy without HSA, in real-life patients. Methods: This is an observational retrospective study developed in seven hospitals in Spain, where patients treated with this immunotherapy were included. They gathered the protocol used to initiate the immunotherapy, adverse reactions, field re-stings, and the patient clinical data (clinical history, biomarkers, and skin prick test). Results: A total of 108 patients were included. In total, 4 protocols were used (5 weeks reaching 200 µg, and 4, 3, and 2 weeks reaching 100 µg). An incidence of systemic adverse reactions for each 100 injections of 1.5, 1.7, 0, and 0.58, respectively, was found. The demographic data showed not to directly affect the appearance of adverse reactions, except for those having a grade 2 systemic reaction with immunotherapy previously had a grade 4 systemic reaction; the IgE to Apis mellifera was 3 times higher in patients with systemic reactions of grade 1 than in the general group, and other specific IgEs were lower in those with systemic reactions. Most of the patients recognized Api m 1 followed by Api m 10. In the sample, 32% experienced spontaneous re-stings, without presenting systemic reactions, after a year of treatment.

Clinical Characteristics and Sensitization Profile of Patients Allergic to Cow Epithelium.

INTRODUCTION: Cow epithelium allergy (CEA) has been described in workers highly exposed to cattle, such as farmers and veterinarians, being a health problem in this population since it is their main livelihood. This study aimed to characterize the main clinical manifestations and define the sensitization profile of the cow epithelium-allergic population treated in our health area. METHODS: This is a retrospective study including a total of 34 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CEA, confirmed by skin tests, bovine epithelium-specific IgE levels and allergen-specific conjunctival challenge test in some cases. They were distributed by age, sex, profession, clinical symptoms, specific IgE levels to other mammalian epithelia, pollens, mites, and foods. Immunoblotting was performed with extracts from cow dander, cow body fluids (urine and saliva), bull urine, and 17 sera from immunotherapy-untreated CEA patients. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 44 years, with a higher incidence in cattle farmers. Rhinoconjunctivitis occurred in 100% of cases, with 35% having monosensitization to cow epithelium. Sera from most patients detected a 20-kDa IgE-binding band in cow dander, cow saliva, cow urine, and bull urine, corresponding to the major allergen Bos d 2 (bovine lipocalin). In 70% of the patients, a 25-kDa band was detected in cow and bull urine extracts, whose identification by mass spectrometry and investigation with protein databases led to the identification of a Bos taurus lipocalin (UniProt protein ID: A0A3Q1LGU7_BOVIN). CONCLUSION: CEA should be considered in patients exposed to cattle and as a cause of occupational disease. The IgE immunodetection revealed sensitization to a protein present in cow and bull urine (odorant-binding protein) not previously described.

Tratamiento del embarazo ectópico cervical mediante cerclaje tipo Shirodka modificada. Una serie de casos / Treatment of cervical ectopic pregnancy using modified Shirodka type cerclage. A series of cases

El embarazo ectópico cervical es un desafío tanto en el diagnóstico como en su tratamiento. La histerectomía ha dejado de ser el tratamiento más usado siendo los tratamientos médicos y mínimamente invasivos los más utilizados. Objetivo. Describir la eficacia del cerclaje cervical tipo Shirodkar en el manejo del embarazo cervical. El estudio. Se presenta una serie de casos tratados en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal en gestantes atendidas entre el 2015 al 2021. Se realizó la técnica modificada de cerclaje cervical de Shirodkar con fines hemostáticos, para que nos permita realizar la aspiración del saco gestacional contenido en el canal cervical, evitando la hemorragia. Hallazgo. Fueron tratados 6 casos de embarazo ectópico cervical con la técnica de Shirodkar modificada todos con éxito, toda vez que se evacuó el tejido embrionario contenido en el canal cervical controlando el sangrado post-evacuación, no requiriéndose tratamientos adicionales ni histerectomía. Conclusión. La evaluación de esta serie de casos permite concluir que la técnica de cerclaje cervical tipo Shirodkar modificado, en el tratamiento del embarazo ectópico cervical, es efectiva al controlar el sangrado potencial que se puede producir luego de la evacuación del tejido embrionario ubicado en el canal cervical, evitando tratamientos adicionales o la histerectomía.

Impacte de la frenotomia neonatal en la taxa de lactància materna a l’alta de la maternitat / Impact of neonatal frenotomy on the breastfeeding rate at discharge from the maternity ward / Impacto de la frenotomía neonatal en la tasa de lactancia materna al alta de la maternidad

Fonament: L’anquiloglòssia pot provocar el deslletamentprecoç. La realització d’una frenotomia podria augmentarla taxa de lactància materna exclusiva a l’alta de la maternitat. Objectiu: Descriure les diferències en el tipus d’alimentacióa l’alta de la maternitat entre els nounats amb anquiloglòssia i els que no en tenen, i entre els nounats amb anquiloglòssia tractada i els no tractats. Mètode: Estudi de cohorts prospectiu de tots els nadonsnascuts a la unitat neonatal l’any 2018 (n=1.392). Es vanexcloure 7 pacients que es van traslladar abans de l’alta.Es va oferir una frenotomia a tots els pacients amb anquiloglòssia (451). Es va determinar quantes frenotomies esvan fer (422/451), si la lactància materna va millorar acurt termini, i es van comparar les taxes de lactància materna entre els nounats amb anquiloglòssia i sense. Resultats: La taxa de lactància materna a l’alta va ser mésalta en els nounats amb anquiloglòssia tractada que en elsno tractats (393/422 vs 22/29, 93,1% vs 75,9%, respectivament, p <0,001). Conclusions: La frenotomia podria ajudar a augmentar lataxa de lactància materna a l’alta dels nounats amb anquiloglòssia.(AU)

Fundamento: La anquiloglosia puede provocar el destete precoz. Larealización de una frenotomía podría aumentar la tasa de lactanciamaterna al alta de la maternidad. Objetivo: Describir las diferencias en el tipo de alimentación al altade la maternidad entre los neonatos con anquiloglosia frente a losque no la sufren y entre los neonatos con anquiloglosia tratada ylos no tratados. Método. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de todos los neonatos nacidos en la unidad neonatal el año 2018 (n=1.392). Se excluyeron7 pacientes que se trasladaron antes del alta. Se ofreció una frenotomía a todos los pacientes con anquiloglosia (451). Se determinó cuántas frenotomías se realizaron (422/451) y si la lactanciamaterna mejoró a corto plazo, y se compararon las tasas de lactancia materna entre los neonatos con y sin anquiloglosia. Resultados: La tasa de lactancia materna al alta fue mayor en losneonatos con anquiloglosia tratada que en los no tratados(393/422 frente a 22/29, 93,1% frente a 75,9%, respectivamente, p <0,001).Conclusiones. La frenotomía podría ayudar a aumentar la tasa delactancia materna al alta de los neonatos con anquiloglosia.(AU)

Background: Ankyloglossia may lead to an early abandonment ofbreastfeeding. Performing a frenotomy could increase the breastfeeding rate at discharge from the maternity ward. Objective: The aim of our study was to describe differences in thetype of feeding at discharge from the maternity ward, betweentongue-tied and non tongue-tied neonates, and between treatedand untreated tongue-tied neonates. Method: This prospective cohort study included all the neonatesborn at a neonatal unit in 2018 (n=1392). We excluded 7 patientswho were transferred before discharge. We offered a frenotomy toall tongue-tied patients (451). We determined how many frenotomies we performed (422/451), whether breastfeeding improved inthe short term, and compared the breastfeeding rates betweentreated and untreated tongue-tied and non-tongue-tied neonates. Results: The breastfeeding rate at discharge was higher amongtreated tongue-tied infants than in untreated neonates (393/422vs. 22/29, 93.1% vs. 75.9%, respectively, p <0.001).Conclusions: Frenotomy could help increase the breastfeeding rateat discharge among tongue-tied neonates.(AU)

Phenolic Profile and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Properties of Three Chilean Altiplano Plants: Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze [Lamiaceae], Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. var. hirsuta (Meyen) Cabrera, and Tagetes multiflora (Kunth) [Asteraceae].

This research aimed to identify the phenolic profile and composition of the aerial parts of three native species used in traditional medicine in the Andean Altiplano of northern Chile: Clinopodium gilliesii (Benth.) Kuntze [Lamiaceae] (commonly known as Muña-Muña), Mutisia acuminata Ruiz & Pav. var. hirsuta (Meyen) Cabrera [Asteraceae] (commonly known as Chinchircoma), and Tagetes multiflora (Kunth), [Asteraceae] (commonly known as Gracilis), as well as to evaluate their potential inhibitory effects against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Polyphenolic enriched-extracts (PEEs) of the species were prepared and analyzed and the main components were quantified using HPLC-DAD. In total, 30 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in all species, including simple phenolics, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols (monomers and polymers), flavanones, and flavonols. In addition, other main phenolics from the extracts were tentatively identified by ESI-MS-MS high-resolution analysis. T. multiflora extract showed the greatest anti-AChE and BChE activity in comparison with C. gilliesii and M. acuminata extracts, being the anti-AChE and BChE activity weak in all extracts in comparison to galantamine control. To comprise to better understand the interactions between cholinesterase enzymes and the main phenolics identified in T. multiflora, molecular docking analysis was conducted.